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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) - Western Sahara (2002)
Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) z Western Sahara (2002)
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) | Western Sahara (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (under de facto control of Morocco) |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | - | fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads) |
| Airports | - | 11 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
| Area | total: 5 sq km
land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island |
total: 266,000 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | about the size of Colorado |
| Background | These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. | Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. |
| Birth rate | - | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | - | revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | - | none |
| Climate | tropical | hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |
| Coastline | 74.1 km | 1,110 km |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara |
| Currency | - | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
| Death rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | none |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none |
| Disputes - international | nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties reject other proposals |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $NA |
| Economy - overview | no economic activity | Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 83.7 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 90 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 3 m |
lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed location 463 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | sparse water and lack of arable land |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | Arab, Berber |
| Exchange rates | - | Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997) |
| Executive branch | - | none |
| Exports | - | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | - | phosphates 62% |
| Exports - partners | - | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | - |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 40%-45% (1996 est.) (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 12 14 S, 123 05 E | 24 30 N, 13 00 W |
| Geography - note | Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 | the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas |
| Highways | - | total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | - | fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | - | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | phosphate mining, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | NA% |
| International organization participation | - | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Labor force | - | 12,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
| Legal system | the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply | - |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | - | definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island | Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| Nationality | - | noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian |
| Natural hazards | surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
| Natural resources | fish | phosphates, iron ore |
| People - note | the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | none |
| Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.) |
256,177 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | NA (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun) |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 56,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Muslim |
| Sex ratio | - | NA |
| Suffrage | - | none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: sparse and limited system
domestic: NA international: tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | about 2,000 (1999 est.) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 0 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | NA |
| Terrain | low with sand and coral | mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast |
| Total fertility rate | - | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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